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Contact Us1. Phosphorus distribution and physiological functions in poultry chicken layers
About 80% of the phosphorus in the avian body is in the bones, most of the rest constitute the soft tissue components, and a small part is in the body fluids. Phosphorus and calcium in bones are formed in the form of hydroxyapatite. Poultry blood contains higher phosphorus than horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and other mammals. It usually contains 35 to 45 milligrams of phosphorus per 100 ml of blood. The phosphorus content of an egg is about 160 mg, of which 130-140 mg is contained in the yolk and 20 mg is contained in the shell. It will increase the catabolism of phosphorus when laying eggs, and the loss of phosphorus from the body is higher than the phosphorus content of eggs.
Therefore, when supplementing phosphorus, you can't just consider the part of the egg in order to maintain the balance of phosphorus metabolism in the body. The physiological function of phosphorus, in addition to forming bone tissue together with calcium, is mainly involved in many metabolic processes in the form of phosphate radicals, such as participating in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to form high-energy phosphorus-containing compounds, and storing energy in high-energy phosphate bonds for the body's life Required for activities. Phosphorus is related to the synthesis of ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid and many coenzymes (pyridoxal phosphate, flavoprotein, coenzyme Ⅰ and coenzyme Ⅱ, etc.). It participates in the synthesis and degradation metabolism of sugar, fat, protein and other organic substances, and the combination of phospholipids and protein Phosphorus, a constituent of cell membranes, is also involved in the regulation of body fluid acid and alkali balance in the form of hydrogen phosphate.
2. Poultry chicken layer's absorption and metabolism of phosphorus
Phosphorus is mainly absorbed by the body in the form of phosphate ions, and the absorption site is mainly in the back of the small intestine. The absorption of phosphorus is affected by the pH of the absorption site, the solubility of phosphorus source phosphorus, and the levels of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and other elements in the intestine. As the pH value changes, phosphorus can be absorbed in the form of monovalent dihydrogen phosphate or divalent hydrogen phosphate. When the relative pH of the small intestinal juice is constant and the sodium concentration increases, the absorption of phosphorus increases. When phosphate is absorbed, it is necessary to dissolve it in the small intestine.
The salt formed by metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and phosphate in the intestine is difficult to dissolve in water, thereby reducing the absorption of phosphorus. In contrast, inorganic phosphorus has a high absorption rate, while organic phosphorus (phytate phosphorus) is not easily used by poultry. Phosphorus metabolism in bones is dynamic. On the one hand, the body uses the phosphorus in the bones to adapt to the physiological process of the body; on the other hand, the body continuously absorbs the phosphorus in the diet and supplements it to the bones. Excessive phosphorus in the body is mainly excreted in urine; phosphorus in feces mainly includes undigested and absorbed phosphorus, while another small part comes from digestive juices.
3. The role of phosphorus
The indicators for detecting phosphorus adequacy include daily gain, feed remuneration, daily consumption, egg production rate, bone strength, bone ash and phosphorus content in ash, and other indicators include blood phosphate concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity. To determine the proper calcium and phosphorus nutritional needs of poultry, determine the appropriate distribution and physiological functions of calcium and phosphorus in poultry. About 80% of phosphorus in poultry organisms is found in bones, and most of the rest constitute soft tissue components, and a small part is found in body fluids. in. Phosphorus and calcium in bones are formed in the form of hydroxyapatite. Poultry blood contains higher phosphorus than horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and other mammals. It usually contains 35 to 45 milligrams of phosphorus per 100 ml of blood.
The phosphorus content of an egg is about 160 mg, of which 130-140 mg is contained in the yolk and 20 mg is contained in the shell. It will increase the catabolism of phosphorus when laying eggs, and the loss of phosphorus from the body is higher than the phosphorus content of eggs. Therefore, when supplementing phosphorus, you can't just consider the part of the egg in order to maintain the balance of phosphorus metabolism in the body. The physiological function of phosphorus, in addition to forming bone tissue together with calcium, is mainly involved in many metabolic processes in the form of phosphate radicals, such as participating in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to form high-energy phosphorus-containing compounds, and storing energy in high-energy phosphate bonds for the body's life Required for activities.
Phosphorus is related to the synthesis of ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid and many coenzymes (pyridoxal phosphate, flavoprotein, coenzyme Ⅰ and coenzyme Ⅱ, etc.). It participates in the synthesis and degradation metabolism of sugar, fat, protein and other organic substances, and the combination of phospholipids and protein Phosphorus, a constituent of cell membranes, is also involved in the regulation of body fluid acid and alkali balance in the form of hydrogen phosphate.
4. The source of phosphorus in poultry chicken layer feed
As a source of phosphorus in poultry diets, minerals include calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate and steamed bone meal, among which the most commonly used are calcium hydrogen phosphate and steamed bone meal. Fish meal has the highest phosphorus content in poultry feed, and the phosphorus content in cereal seeds and its by-products is also very rich. In cereal seed feed, 30% to 70% of phosphorus exists in the form of phytate phosphorus, which must be hydrolyzed before it can be used. Due to the lack of phytase that hydrolyzes phytate phosphorus in the digestive tract of poultry, the phosphorus in phytate cannot be used effectively, and there is phytase in plant feed.
Generally, the proportion of inorganic phosphorus in the total phosphorus requirement of poultry should be 30%. Phytate phosphorus cannot be digested and used by poultry, but is excreted with feces, causing waste of phosphorus resources and causing environmental pollution; on the other hand, phytate phosphorus is an anti-nutritional factor, which can be formed with many minerals and proteins in the digestive tract Chelates that are difficult to dissolve, thereby reducing their nutritional value.
In addition, phytate phosphorus and its incomplete decomposition products can also inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes and affect the normal metabolism of nutrients. For this reason, in order to reduce the pollution of phosphorus in manure to the environment, improve the utilization of phosphorus in feed, and reduce the anti-nutritional effect of phytate phosphorus, people began to add microbial phytase to poultry feed to facilitate the use of phytate phosphorus by poultry.
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